ASH-LEAVED MAPLE

 

Health Centre car park again: this time it's not berries but maple samaras making this ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo) spectacular up to Christmas.

The stems are green and the leaves , which are mostly gone by now, are pinnate, meaning they have between 3 and 5 leaflets.

There are variegated and pink forms of this tree, which is also known as Box Elder although it is neither an elder nor a box tree.

COCKSPUR THORN

The  Broad-leaved Cockspur Thorn (Crataegus prunifolia) ia a North American relative of the Hawthorn and does well in Britain. 

The red berries last up until Christmas and the leaves are often very colourful in autumn.

This specimen grows alongside the Thornbury Health Centre car park

 

POPLAR WITH MISTLETOE

Poplar is one of mistletoe's favourite hosts. Now the leaves are dropping off, the mistletoe shows up, not only on poplar, but also on lime, apple, robinia, silver maple and occasionally on hawthorn, oak and other trees.

 

WALL BARLEY

 One of the few grasses that I can confidently name, 

Wall Barley is ideal for throwing at your pals like a dart.

LATE CATERPILLARS

Although both the Pale Tussock Moth and the Knot Grass Moth are an attractive mottled grey, their caterpillars are more striking.  Because they overwinter as pupae, the caterpillars are around in September and early October - a nice bit of autumn colour.

  

Knot Grass

  

Pale Tussock

Photos:Caterpillars: Alan Watts.        Adult moths: Naturespot

VOLUNTEERS APPRECIATED

Although we have help cutting the grass at Filnore Woods from South Glos Tom and his mighty mowing machine, the arisings have to be raked off in order to bring down the fertility so that next year's wild flowers are not overwhelmed by more vigorous grasses and other flowering plants.  This raking is one of the many jobs that the Filnore Friends volunteers undertake to keep the place rich in biodiversity and pleasant to visit.

So it is good that the RHS '?It's Your Neighbourhood' Scheme has recognised their efforts with a level 5 Outstanding award

 

Well done guys and gals.

MOLE SEASON

Now is the season when molehils appear.  The molehills are not homes but spoil heaps from the tunnels.

Actually moles have to tunnel all year in search of earthworms, leather jackets, wire worms, beetle larvae, etc, or they will starve after a few hours without food.

They live solitary lives except for the pairing season in March and April, after which between two and seven pink and hairless molekins are born.

MOLLUSCS

After a dry spell molluscs (slugs and snails) are delighted 

with the wet conditions following a rain shower. 

This slug (Arion ater rufus) is the orange version of the Great BLACK Slug (Arion ater).  It is one of the larger slugs found in Britain but is not the one that eats your choice garden plants.  It prefers dead plant or animal material and fungi.

Like all slugs and snails it has four tentacles or 'horns'.  The two larger ones are for sight, though molluscs can only distinguish light and dark.  The smaller pair, lower down are for tasting smelling or feeling.  If touched, molluscs will retract their tentacles, and if really upset they will contract to make themselves shorter and fatter.

  

The troublesome ones are small and black or beige. They're often hard to see.  This little blighter looks like  a small blob of dirt until you get close and see how he has been chomping away on an apple.

  

Snails are slightly more popular than slugs, - at least with children.  They have shells of course, while slugs just have a leathery oval at the front end called a mantle. 

SHELL SHOCK

Here we have the Common or Garden Snail with a youngster of a different species.

Snails too have four tentacles and in the image below you can just make out the 'eyes' at the ends of the longer tentacles.

Even these little Banded Snails have tentacles.  The one on the left was very shy.

This species (Cepea nemoralis) also known as the Brown-lipped Snail is very varied in colour: you may find yellow or orange individuals without any stripes and the stripy ones may have a few or a lot of stripes.

There are 90+ species of land snails in the UK and 30+ species of slugs.  They occupy an important niche, providing food for hedgehogs, thrushes and glow-worms, to name a few, and they also have an important composting role, recycling any dead material.

LIME SPINNERS

On a windy day these items came spinning down gracefully from the tree above.

 

To spread its seeds as widely as possible the lime tree supplies each little bunch of seeds with a bract that acts as an autogyro spinning the seeds away from the mother tree. each bract may carry from one  up to five fruits.

Although there is a row of about ten mature limes beside the old railway wall at Tesco, Thornbury, this tree seems to be the only one that is fruiting.

RAT

The remains of a Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 

Although I worry that Polo, our cat, might be catching birds, she does seem to concentrate on bank voles, woodmice and the occasional rat.

The long scaly tail is the best clue to the identity of this rodent.

Not much else to go on.  Although they are part of the native wildlife scene, brown rats are not desirable in the home or garden.

Brown rats can produce up to 5 litters of 12 young in a year.

So Go Polo Go.

 

ASH GALLS

The ash keys on some trees are an attractive yellow contrasting with the green foliage. 

A closer look revealed several small brown 'cauliflowers' on the flower/seed stalks

These are cauliflower galls caused be a tiny mite, Aceria fraxinivora.

 

CRANE FLY

September is peak crane fly time.  I remember them appearing in the top corners of the tent when we went camping.  They are attracted to light so they often come into houses at this time of year.  They are quite harmless.

The one in the photo is a male; you can tell because the end of the body is blunt - square even.  Females have a pointed end to the abdomen; this is so that they can deposit their eggs in the soil.

All flies have only two pairs of wings unlike most insects which have four.  Instead of the second pair they have two drumstick-like organs called halteres which help with balance in flight.  The halteres on common crane flies are particularly large and visible.  In the photo below I managed to get one of the halteres in focus - almost.

Crane flies only live for 10 - 15 days so they have to get on with the business of mating and laying eggs a.s.a.p.   You may see a pair joined end to end and when the female is laying eggs she bounces up and down on her spindly legs as she pushes her ovipositor into the soil.  The legs are often damaged or missing, which doesn't seem to worry them.

 The larvae are called leather jackets and are a menace because they feed on the roots of grasses and other plants.  They are, however, an important source of food for hedgehogs, badgers, foxes and birds.  If your lawn gets dug up it may mean that someone has been after leather jackets.  What look like two eyes are actually breathing spiracles; the head is at the other end but they don't need eyes anyway as they live their whole life underground.

Photo: G Bradley on www.uksafari.com

Crane flies are also known as daddy longlegs but don't confuse them with cobweb spiders or harvestmen, which are also called daddy longlegs.

 

PLANT DESTROYER

The dark stains on the trunk of this alder tree are probably a symptom of a Phytophthora alni infection. You can see that the branches are dying because the bark and cambium have been killed.

  

Phytophthoras are organisms a bit like fungi but different.  They ae sometimes referred to as water moulds.   There are at least 200 known species. Phytophthora kernoviae produces similar symptoms in beech trees and Phytophthora infestans causes potato blight.  There is almost no known cure or antidote so they are indeed plant destroyers, which is what Phytophthora means.

 

HONEY FUNGUS

Honey fungus fruiting bodies appear in the autumn and are killed off by the first frosts, but the fungus lives on in the roots of the affected tree.  A serious infection as on the birch tree below will appear around the base of the trunk and on the ground over infected roots.  It is the cambium of the roots that it attacks first, opening them up to decay.

The brackets start off as small honey-coloured button mushrooms, turning brown as they increase in size.  The tell-tale signature is the ring or collar near the top of the stem, just visible in the photo below left on the top left individual.  If you are worried you have honey fungus, look underneath the cap.  If there are no rings on the toadstools it is not honey fungus.

  

The last four images show the degradation over time of the toadstools on an old

 plum tree stump.  Finishing as a black gooey mess.

 

MERIPILUS

This is the fruiting body or bracket produced by the Giant Polypore, Meripilus giganteus.  A mass of overlapping fronds, which may be up to 60cm across.

  

This fungus favours beech trees, though it will occasionally appear on oak, plane or monkey puzzle trees.  It appears at ground level or even above roots some distance from the tree.

On beech it renders the wood at the base of the trunk brittle and is therefore rather dangerous.  Once the brackets appear, the decay has been going some time and a strong wind could bring the tree down, especially, as with the tree in the picture, if the winter wind resistance is increased by a lot of ivy. 

The red goblin gives an idea of scale.

 

MINING HAZEL

Minute leaf miners scribed this pattern on half a hazel leaf.  

They are the larvae of a very small micro-moth, the hazel leaf miner, (Stigmella microtheriella), with a wingspan of 3-4mm.

Photo: Stephen Thorpe, uk.inaturalist.org

 I wonder why they either couldn't or wouldn't cross the main central vein.

SHAGGY ROTTER

  

This fungus, Inonotus hispidus grows on ash and apple and walnut trees but also on cherry apparently as in the photo above from Marianne Mogendorff.  

The photos below are of it growing on apple.

  

Actually, of course, this is only the fruiting body, a fungus's equivalent to a flower.  The main living part of the fungus is a web of white fungal threads inside the tree.  This fungus makes the wood brittle and trees can lose branches unexpectedly.

  

  

After about ten days the bracket turns from bright orange to brown and the bristles on the top show why it is called the shaggy bracket.  

 

Gradually after it has shed trillions of spores it begins to turn black and may persist on the tree for a year or more, warning of brittle branches.